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Toothache

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

A toothache is usually the result of a cavity formed by the bacteria that cause tooth decay (known medically as dental caries). Cleaning out and filling the cavity brings a quick end to the pain. Without this treatment, however, the pain is likely to get worse.

Causes

Cavities get their start from plaque that sticks to the surface of a tooth and provides food for bacteria. The bacteria and certain acids break through the enamel surface of the tooth, forming a hole that fills with decayed matter. The decay then spreads to the inside of the tooth. Other causes of toothache are mouth injury, a cracked tooth, a head cold, or sinus or dental infection. You may also have tooth pain after having dental work.

Signs/Symptoms

The pain can be dull, sharp, aching, burning, or throbbing. It may come and go, and may affect the whole mouth or only one part. Hot or cold foods and biting and chewing may increase the pain. Other possible symptoms include fever and swollen gums.

WHAT YOU SHOULD DO

  • Until you can see a dentist, use over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen to ease the pain.
  • Oil of cloves also may help. Clean all food out of the cavity with a toothpick. Soak a small piece of cotton in the oil and pack it into the cavity. Take care to keep the oil off your tongue, where it will sting.
  • You may get relief by putting an ice pack on your jaw, but putting heat on it may make the toothache worse.
  • To avoid getting another toothache, see a dentist for check-ups every six months, brush your teeth twice a day, and floss once a day.

Call Your Dentist If...

  • You develop a high temperature.
  • Your pain becomes worse.

Seek Care Immediately If...

  • You have swelling in your face, jaw, cheek, eye, or neck.
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