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Frostbite

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

Frostbite, (frozen skin), usually affects bare skin on the hands, fingers, feet, toes, nose, and ears during cold and windy weather. People who have drunk alcohol or smoked before going outside are most likely to get frostbite. Those who have medical problems, such as diabetes or blood vessel diseases, are also highly susceptible.

Causes

Frostbite occurs when ice forms in the skin and blood vessels during extended exposure to subfreezing temperatures.

Signs/Symptoms

You'll first notice numbness and pain. The skin will be hard and look white. After the skin warms up, its color will change from white to red or purple and you may feel pain, tingling, burning. The skin may swell and sometimes develops blisters.

Care

You may need medicine to relieve the pain or to fight infection.

WHAT YOU SHOULD DO

  • If you get frostbite:
    • Get out of the wind.
    • Do NOT walk on frostbitten feet. Do NOT use snow or direct heat, and do NOT rub the area.
    • Immediately cover the frozen area with extra clothing or blankets, or warm it against your body.
    • When out of the cold, remove clothes from the frostbitten skin and soak it in warm water.
    • Drink warm fluids.
  • To prevent getting frostbite again:
    • If you must go out in freezing weather, wear several layers of warm clothes under a windproof and waterproof coat.
    • Be sure to protect your hands, ears, and feet.
    • Once outside, try to stay dry.
    • Do not drink alcohol before you go out in the cold.

Seek Care Immediately If...

  • You have increased pain, swelling, redness, or discharge in the area that was frostbitten.
  • You have a high temperature or feel achy, dizzy, or generally ill.
  • You get any new, unexplained symptoms.

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