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Fainting

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

Fainting, known medically as syncope (SIN-coe-pea), strikes quickly and passes just as fast--typically within a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes. It usually occurs while you are standing.

Causes

Fainting episodes usually occur when the brain fails to get enough blood. This can be the result of various heart conditions, a change in your heart rate, low blood pressure, or a sudden change in position. The problem is sometimes an allergic reaction to a drug. In addition, low blood sugar can lead to a fainting spell, as can hyperventilation. Sometimes, no cause can be found.

Signs/Symptoms

Warning signs of an impending attack typically include light-headedness and a sudden feeling that you are going to pass out. These are often accompanied by sweating, weakness, dizziness, or nausea. You may also develop rapid breathing and a fast heartbeat.

WHAT YOU SHOULD DO

  • When you feel faint, lie down or sit down and bend over. If possible, keep your legs higher than your head. This will send blood back to your heart and help blood flow to your brain.
  • You may resume your normal activities when you are feeling better.
  • Make an appointment with your doctor to find out what caused the problem.
  • If you have low blood sugar, eat 5 or 6 small meals a day. Make sure they are high in protein (meat, chicken, fish, cheese) and complex carbohydrates (grains and cereals). Avoid sugar and simple carbohydrates (candy and other sweets).

Call Your Doctor If...

  • You have another fainting spell.

Seek Care Immediately If...

  • You develop chest pain. THIS IS AN EMERGENCY. Get medical help at once. Dial 0 (operator) or call 911. Do NOT drive yourself to the hospital.
  • You have trouble breathing, get a really bad headache, feel dizzy, or develop a rapid heartbeat.
  • You have pain in your back; severe pain in your abdomen; or pain, numbness, burning, or tingling in your arms or legs.
  • You have a seizure.
  • You notice any signs of bleeding, including bloody vomit and bloody or black stools.

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