Bowel Resection

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

• Ileostomy: This operation creates an opening to the small intestine (ileum) through the surface of the abdomen. Intestinal contents draining from this location are typically no thicker than toothpaste.
• Colostomy: This operation establishes an artificial outlet for the large intestine (colon). Waste draining from this opening will be soft or more formed depending on the part of the colon involved.

Risks

IF YOU'RE HEADING FOR THE HOSPITAL...

The Week Before Surgery:

• To reduce the risk of postoperative infection, the doctor will want the bowel as clean and empty as possible. For that reason, you'll need to do one or more of the following:
• • Eat high fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables, cereal, and bread, for 1 to 2 days before surgery. You should also drink 6 to 8 large glasses of water daily.
  • Take a cathartic (kah-THAR-tik) liquid on the day before surgery. This will rapidly empty the bowel.
  • Have an enema the day before surgery.
  • Take an antibiotic.
• You'll probably need to stop taking aspirin and ibuprofen; the doctor will tell you when. If you're taking aspirin for your heart, don't stop without asking the doctor first. Also ask whether you can take any over-the-counter medicines.
• Your doctor will tell you whether you need to have blood drawn.

The Night Before Surgery:

• Your physician may suggest you take a sleeping pill.
• Just before surgery, you should not eat or drink anything (even water). Your doctor will tell you when to begin fasting.

When You Arrive

• Check with your doctor before taking insulin, diabetes pills, blood pressure medicine, heart pills, or any other medication on the day of surgery.
• Do not wear contact lenses to the hospital. You may wear glasses.

What to Expect While You're There

• Taking Vital Signs: These include your temperature, blood pressure, pulse (counting your heartbeats), and respirations (counting your breaths). A stethoscope is used to listen to your heart and lungs. Your blood pressure is taken by wrapping a cuff around your arm.
• Blood Tests: You may need blood taken for tests. It can be drawn from a vein in your hand or from the bend in your elbow. Several samples may be needed.
• Chest X-ray: The doctor will check this picture of your lungs and heart to make sure you're ready for surgery.
• Heart Monitor: (Also called an electrocardiogram [e-LEK-tro-KAR-di-o-gram] or EKG). Typically, three to five sticky pads are placed on different parts of your body. Each pad has a wire that is hooked to a TV-type screen or to a small portable box (telemetry unit) that shows a tracing of each heartbeat.
• IV: A tube placed in your vein for giving medicine or liquids. It will be capped or have tubing connected to it.
• Pulse Oximeter: With a little clip connected to your ear, finger, or toe, this machine measures the oxygen in your blood.
• General Anesthesia: You'll be kept completely unconscious throughout the operation. The anesthetic will be given either as a liquid in your IV or as a gas through a face mask or endotracheal (END-o-TRA-kee-ull) tube placed in your mouth and throat.

After Surgery:

• Oxygen: At times during your stay, your body may need extra oxygen. It is given either through a plastic mask over your mouth and nose or through nasal prongs. If the oxygen dries out your nose or the nasal prongs bother you, tell your nurse, but don't take off the oxygen on your own.
• Deep Breathing and Coughing: These exercises help prevent a lung infection after surgery. Deep breathing opens the tubes going to your lungs. Coughing helps to bring up sputum from your lungs and keep them clear. You should deep breathe and cough every hour while you are awake, including any time you spend awake during the night.
     Hold a pillow tightly against your abdomen to help reduce pain from your incision. Take a deep breath and hold it as long as you can. Then push the air out of your lungs with a deep strong cough. Put any sputum that you have coughed up into a tissue. Take 10 deep breaths in a row every hour while awake. Remember to follow each deep breath with a cough.
• Incentive spirometer (spy-ROM-uh-tur): This piece of equipment helps you take deeper breaths. Put the plastic nozzle into your mouth, take a very deep breath, and hold it as long as possible. Then blow as hard as you can into the mouthpiece. Take 10 deep breaths in a row every hour while awake. Remember to follow each deep breath with a cough.
• Drains: Thin rubber tubes may be put into the area around your incision to drain off excess fluid. They will be taken out when no longer needed.
• Pressure Stockings: These tight elastic stockings keep blood from collecting in the legs and causing clots.
• Pneumatic Boots: For extra insurance against blood clots, these plastic boots or leggings are applied over pressure stockings or ace wraps and connected to an air pump machine. The pump rhythmically tightens and loosens different parts of the boots, helping to push the blood back up to the heart.
• Activity: You'll need to rest in bed for a while. But even when you are confined to bed, it's important exercise your legs in order to stop blood clots from forming. Lift one leg off the bed and draw big circles with your toes, then repeat with the other leg. You can also try lying on your side and pretending to pedal a bike. When you're told it's OK to get out of bed, make sure someone is with you the first time you try. If you feel weak or dizzy, sit or lie down right away.
• Nasogastric Tube: This type of tube, also called an NG tube, is threaded through your nose and throat and down into your stomach. It is attached to suction, which will keep your stomach empty. It may also help to get your bowels working. Food or medicine is sometimes given through the tube.
• Eating: When your doctor can hear bowel sounds (stomach growling) through a stethoscope, you'll be able to eat. You will probably get ice chips first and then liquids (water, broth, apple juice, or soda). If you do not have problems with the liquids, you'll then be allowed to eat soft foods such as ice cream, applesauce, or custard. If these foods agree with you, you can return to a regular diet.
• Foley Catheter: This is a tube that is sometimes inserted into the bladder to drain the urine. The catheter may make you feel as though you have to urinate. Relax and the catheter will drain the urine for you.
• • Don't pull on the catheter because this could cause injury.
  • Don't kink the catheter; this will stop the flow.
  • Don't lift the bag of urine above the catheter. If you do, the urine will flow back into your bladder, possibly causing an infection.
  • The catheter will be taken out when you can urinate on your own.
• Strict Intake/Output: Your doctor may need to know the amount of liquid you are taking in versus the amount you lose in your urine. This is often called an "I&O."
• • Unless told otherwise, drink 6 to 8 large glasses of water each day. Keep a record of exactly how much liquid you drink.
  • Your output of urine may have to be measured. Ask your doctor whether it's OK to use the toilet.
• Medicines:
• • Antibiotics: These medicines help prevent bacterial infection. They may be given by IV, as a shot, or by mouth.
  • Pain Medicine: To ease pain after the operation, your doctor will probably prescribe medication to be given by IV, as a shot, or by mouth. Tell the doctor or your nurses if the pain won't go away or keeps coming back.
  • Anti-Nausea Medicine: This medicine calms your stomach and controls vomiting. Your doctor may suggest you take it at the same time as your pain medicine, which sometimes upsets the stomach.

After You Leave

• Always take your medicine exactly as directed. If it doesn't seem to help, let the doctor know, but keep taking it until told otherwise. If you've been prescribed antibiotics, be sure to use them up, even if you're feeling better. If a medicine makes you drowsy, avoid driving or using dangerous machinery.
• When you are allowed to bathe or shower, carefully wash the stitches or staples with soap and water. Then put on a clean, new bandage. Change your bandage any time it gets wet or dirty.
• Following a bowel resection, you'll need a diet high in calories, but low in fat. Your menu selections should also be rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals. Be sure to drink 6 to 8 large glasses of liquid, such as water, juices, and milk, each day.
• You'll need extra rest while you recuperate. Try to gradually increase your activity each day, resting whenever you feel it's needed. Avoid any heavy lifting until your doctor gives the OK.

Call Your Doctor If...

• You develop abdominal pain that won't go away or gets worse.
• You become constipated or have frequent diarrhea.
• You can't keep food down.
• Your stitches or staples are swollen and red, or you see any pus. These are signs of infections
• Your stitches or staples come apart.
• Your bandage becomes soaked with blood.
• You develop a high temperature.

Seek Care Immediately If...

• You suddenly have trouble breathing or start having chest pain. You could have a blood clot in your lung or an allergy to one of your medicines.